Monday 22 August 2011

HISTORY OF NaLgOnDa...

NALGONDA
nalgonda
 Its name is derived from two Telugu words Nalla (black) and Konda (hills).[1] Nalgonda in the past is referred to as Nilagiri. During the period of Bahamani kingdom, it had been renamed as Nallagonda.[2] Later in Nizam rule, during the later kings rule the name has been transformed in to Nalgonda(for official uses). But in popular culture its called as Nallagonda only. Recently A.P. govt. has changed its name to Nalgonda for convenience(for official purpose).
But the popular name, Nallagonda(నల్లగొండ), with which it is referred to by one and all and finds the name frequently even in "Poetry of the famous Telangana Liberation Struggle", should be restored back in view of its history and popular usage.

History

Paleolithic Age

During this period, people fashioned tools and weapons by chipping hard stones of convenient size and shape. This feature is testified by the findings of uni facial Paleolithic implements of the Sloan type at Yellowhammer.

Neolithic Age

Traces of Neolithic culture were found at Chota Yelupu, where sling stones and other objects of interest were unearthed. The existence of Megalithic culture was revealed by the discovery of innumerable burials at various places like Tipparti, Nakrekal, Nalgonda etc.

Mauryas and Satavahanas (230 BCE - 218 BCE)

The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas. Mauryas, during the reign of Ashoka the Great held their sway over this region. Later the region came under the overlordship of the Satavahanas who ruled between 230 BCE - 218 BCE. It was during this period the region established trade contacts with the Roman empire.

Ikshvakus (227 - 306)

The Ikshvakus attained control over the region and ruled with their capital Vijayapuri. During this period Sakas and tled in this region. Buddhism flourished during this period. Iksvaku's are one of the greatest Andhra dynasties ever ruled.

Pallavas and Vishnukundinis

After the Ikshvakus, Pallavas and Yadavas fought for supremacy over the region. Luck favoured the Vishnukundins in the form of Samudragupta's invasion of the South. Vishnukundins ruled from first quarter of the fifth century to the first decade of the seventh century. Later Kubja Vishnuvardhana ruled this territory with Vengi as his capital.

Rashtrakutas

A major portion of the district appears to have passed from the Chalukyas of Badami to the Rashtrakutas. Rashtrakutas fell in 973 and gave room to the Chalukyas of Kalyani. The sway of the Chalukyas continued until the end of the 12th century.

Medieval period

The district passed under the control of the Kakatiyas from the western Chalukyas. During Prataparudra's time the kingdom was annexed to the Tughluq empire in 1323. DuringMuhammad bin Tughluq's period, Musunuri chief Kapayanayaka ceded a part of Nalgonda to Ala-ud-din Hasan Bahman Shah. During Ahmad Shah I's period the region was annexed toBahmani kingdom. Jalal Khan in 1455 declared himself king at Nalgonda, but it was a short-lived affair. The region was brought back to the Bahmani kingdom.

Qutubshahi

During the time of the Bahmani Sultan Shihabud-din Mahmun Sultan Quli was appointed as tarafdar of Telangana. From him the region was taken by his son Jamshid. Later the district remained under the control of Qutub Shahis until 1687.

Modern period: Mughals and Asaf Jahis

Nizam-ul-Mulk (Asaf Jah I) defeated Mubasiz Khan at Shaker Khere in Berar and ruled the Deccan in an autonomous capacity. This district, like the other districts of Telangana, passed under the Asaf Jahis and remained under them for a period of nearly two hundred and twenty five years.

Nalgonda's place in Telangana Rebellion history

It has a major role in the Telangana Rebellion. Much of the struggle revolves round Nallagonda and Warangal districts alone and later spread to other regions as well. Almost all the villages in the district were involved in this. the movement was led by Andhra Maha Sabha and Communists. Marshall Law was imposed in the Dist. in 1946. Many people were killed by Razakars or by feudal lords goons and Nizam's armies. Some 3000-5000 villages were liberated and self governing bodies were formed. Lands were distributed among the poor. Many feudal landlords " Jagirdaars " were killed or ripped of their properties. Battles raged between Communists and Razakars( and Nizam's armies ).Finally this ended with Indian Forces " Police Action " and Telangana along with Hyderabad state is merged in to Indian Union.
Many leaders like Bheemireddy Narasimha Reddy, Raavi Narayana Reddy, Mallu Swarajyam (woman revolutionary) and her husband, Arutla Ramachandra Reddy and his wife, poets likeBandi Yadagiri, Suddala Hanumanthu, etc. played an important role in the movement.
The district's (peoples) part in the rebellion is even immortalized in the poetry of the Movement which were popular then. These were used as a means to enlighten the common people about the revolt and its leaders. one such poem by Bandi Yadagiri(Venkepally Village Nuthankal Mandal), who penned the famous song " బండెనుక బండి కట్టి… ".
'సుట్టుముట్టూ సూర్యపేట, నట్టనడుమ నల్లగొండ నువ్వుండేది హైద్రబాదు దాని పక్క గోలుకొండ'..


NALGONDA TOURISM (Nagarjun sagar)
nagarjun sagarNagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam built across Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar,Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is downstream to the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir with a capacity of up to 11,472 million cubic metres which is the world's largest man-made lake with a concrete wall of that measures 6 ft (1.8 m). thick. The dam is 490 ft (150 m). tall and 16 km long with 26 gates which are 42 ft (13 m). wide and 45 ft (14 m). tall.
It is one of the earliest irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda District, Prakasam District, Khammam District and Guntur District.
YADAGIRI GUTTA
yadagiri guttaSri Lakshminarasimha Swamy Temple or Yadagirigutta is a popular Hindu Temple of Narasimha Swamy, an incarnation Lord Vishnu It is situated on a hillock in the Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India, 60 kilometers from the city of Hyderabad. It has huge devotees visiting on Sundays and public holidays.
The temple is quite popular and is busy throughout the year with different events of the God. The annual brahmotsavam is held in the month of March, it includes Yedurkolu, The Celestial Wedding and Divya Vimana Rathotsavam. The birthday of Lord Narasimha is celebrated on 28 April every year.
Lord Narasimha is also known as Yadagiri, hence the name.
KOLANPAKA JAIN TEMPLE
kolanpaka jain templeKulpakji is a Jain Shrine at the Kolanpak village in Nalgonda district. The temple is said to be more than 2000 years old and is still being worked upon. It is renovated very recently by employing more than 150 artisans from Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is said that the renovations in a Jain temple never cease. They are always working on polishing the existing structure or making new additions. The temple houses three idols - one each of Lord Adinath, Lord Neminath and Lord Mahaveer.
Lord Vrishaba Deva populary called Adinath Bhagvan was the first "Theerthankara" in the Jain religion. It is believed that the original idol of Lord Adinath, known locally as Manikya Deva has made Kolanupaka its abode. Kolanupaka Temple which is in its present form itself is more 800 years old. It is believed that Jainism was prevalent in Andhra Pradesh before 4 th Century and Kolanupaka was one of the prominent centres of Jainism.
There are eight idols of the other Tirthankars on both the sides of the main temple. The statue of Lord Mahaveera is 52" inches tall and is said to be made of a single piece Jade. Idols of Lord Simandar Swami and Mata Padmavati are installed on either side of the main temple. Kulpakji is an important pilgrimage center of Swetamber Jains in South India
BHONGIR FORT
bhongirfortThe Fort was built on an isolated monolithic rock by the Western Chalukya ruler Tri-bhuvana-malla Vikram-aditya VI and was named after him as Tribhuvanagiri. This name gradually became Bhuvanagiri and subsequently Bhongir. At the foot of the fortified rocks stands the town of Bhongir, it has a unique egg-shaped construction with two entry points protected by huge rocks, so the fort was considered practically impregnable by invading armies. A moat that encircles the fort, a vast underground chamber, trap doors, an armoury, stables, ponds, wells etc., make for fascinating viewing. The Bala Hisar or citadel on the top of the hill gives a bird's eye view of the neighbouring area. The fort is associated with the rule of the heroic queen Rudra Amma Devi and her grandson Pratapa Rudra. According to legend, there once was an underground corridor connecting Bhongir Fort to Golconda Fort

Bhongir Fort which shoot by NDTV Team in connection with entry for "7 wonders of India".

 

Places of interest

  • Two Hills in the Town (due to which the name Nalgonda ) have got enormous potential to trekking adventures and also spiritually as a Dargah (Lateef Saheb dargah) is located over the hill. Every year Exhibition (Mela) locally called as 'Urus' takes place. One more hill Kapurala gutta is also present within the Town.
  • Two most prominent parks are located within the town namely Rajiv park and Municipal park.
  • Yadagiri Gutta: Yadagiri Gutta, which is the most devotional place in Nalgonda is located near Bhuvanagiri Town. It is close to Hyderabad, the capital city and the APSRTC runs many buses to the temple town from Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station. The temple draws huge crowds, especially during vacations and on weekends. This is the Place of worship of LordLaxmi Narasimha Swami.
Nagarjunsagar dam
  • Nagarjuna Sagar: World's largest masonry dam This is famous Dam in south India with 26 gates and a Hydroelectric plant. The place also hosts waterfalls called 'Ethipothala' and Gowthama Buddha Museum.
  • Bhuvanangiri Fort: Bhuvanangiri Fort was built by Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI on an isolated rock.The Bala Hisar or citadel on the top of the hill gives a bird's eye view of the neighbouring area. The fort is associated with the herioc queen Rudramadevi and her grandson Prataparudra's rule.
  • Mattapalli: One of the famous devotional places in A.P is also in Nalgonda dist.
  • Sri Jain Mandir, Kolanupaka: The Jain Shrine at Kolanupaka village, near Aler town is more than 2000 years old.This holy temple has three holy idols of Lord Adinath, Lord Neminath and ord Mahaveera and 21 other "Theerthankaras". It is very recently renovated by more than 150 artisans from Gujarat and Rajasthan.
  • Nandikonda: A small village on the banks of the Krishna River where several Buddhist structures like monasteries and pillared halls were unearthed and preserved in a museum of the Central Archeological Department.
  • Panagal/Panagallu: A village near Nalgonda. There are several ancient temples built under the reign of the Kakatiya, Reddy and Velama kings. There is an archeological museum which has several interesting artifacts.
  • Vaadapalli: This is famous for its bridge and also called 'Triveni sangamam'(Confluence) where three rivers Godavari, Krishna and Musi meet.
  • Nagulapahad ( Narayanagudem/Dubbagudem ): This village is about 18 km South of Suryapet, on banks of the Musi river, famous for its temples. There are two Ancient temples (Trilingeswara Aalayam (Shivalayam) and Veerabhadreswara Aalayam) in this village, founded by the "Reddy Rajas" in the Kakatiya's era...They got the amazing art and beautiful sculptures carved on the black stone....These two temples are similar to the Warangal's "Thousand pillar temple"...and Pillalamarri Temple. These templeas are famous for Every year SHIVARATHRI 'Jatara' too...





  • File:LateefSahebDargaNalgonda.jpg


Lateef Saheb Darga in NALGONDA...

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